|
The practice of Restorative justice offers an alternative approach for dealing with harm caused by crime. It uses a three-dimensional approach that includes the victim, the offender, and the community. Restorative justice programs are used as a method of improving victim and/or offender satisfaction, increasing offender compliance with restitution, and decreasing the recidivism of offenders as an alternative to traditional criminal justice methods of response (i.e., incarceration, probation, court-ordered restitution, etc.).〔 The current approach to crime, as Stinchcomb and Fox (1999) point out, “does little to reinforce any sense of either personal responsibility on the part of the offender or personal involvement in the justice process on the part of the victim." Restorative justice practices in social work are often geared towards cultivating alternative spaces, which value personal responsibility and involvement. ==Definition== Latimer, Dowden, and Muise (2005) define restorative justice as: ::A voluntary, community-based response to criminal behavior that attempts to bring together the victim, the offender, and the community, in an effort to address the harm caused by the criminal behavior.〔 The fundamental premise of the restorative justice paradigm states that crime is a violation of people and relationships rather than just a violation of law. A violation of relationships requires a restoration process which incorporates voluntariness, truth telling, and a face-to-face encounter. Models of restorative justice can be grouped into three categories: circles, conferences, and victim-offender mediations. The principles upheld in each remain relatively similar.〔 ::Circles, which are often called peacemaking, sentencing or talking circles, are "a method of communication and problem solving derived from aboriginal and Navajo traditions as a community-based way to resolve conflict." ::Conferences are sometimes referred to as restorative conferences or family group conferences. They involve "extensive pre-conference preparation with the assistance of a facilitator and ultimately allows for family members of the victim and offender to meet in person to express their thoughts and feelings as a way to heal the pain of wrongdoing."〔 ::Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM) is "a face-to-face meeting involving a trained mediator, crime victim, and person who committed the crime."〔 During this contact, the offender and the victim might share their experiences and feelings surround the event.〔 Methods of restorative justice benefit both victims and offenders by emphasizing the recovery of the victim through redress, vindication, and healing and by encouraging recompense by the offender through reparation, fair treatment, and habilitation. In the process of coming together to restore relationships, the community is also provided with an opportunity to heal through the reintegration of victims and offenders.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restorative justice in social work」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|